Cobalt-60 (Co-60 or 60Co) is useful as a gamma-ray source because it can be produced in predictable amounts with high activity by bombarding cobalt with neutrons. [136], In the early 20th century, during the development of farming on the North Island Volcanic Plateau of New Zealand, cattle suffered from what was termed "bush sickness". Although scientists are aware of threatening toxicity, less attention has been paid compared to other trace metals like Hg and Lb in contaminated water systems. Cobalt is a shiny, brittle metal that is used to produce strong, corrosion and heat-resistant alloys, permanent magnets and hard metals. Like Mn and Fe, Co has a hybrid profile of biological uptake by phytoplankton via photosynthesis in the upper ocean and scavenging in the deep ocean, although most scavenging is limited by complex organic ligands. Hardmetals, in which cobalt is used as a binding material, consume roughly 12% of total cobalt. [88] Cobalt alloys are also used for dental prosthetics as a useful substitute for nickel, which may be allergenic. Alloys with less iron, nickel or cobalt will be magnetically soft and have a weaker magnetic field. [98] Exploration in 2016–2017 included the area around Cobalt, Ontario, an area where many silver mines ceased operation decades ago. The industrial importance of cobalt resulted in the London Metal Exchange (LME) introducing cobalt futures contracts in 2010. [103] After oversupply, the price dropped to a more normal $15 in 2019. The special alloys of aluminium, nickel, cobalt and iron, known as Alnico, and of samarium and cobalt (samarium-cobalt magnet) are used in permanent magnets. It, along with iron and nickel, is ferromagnetic. Leaching with water extracts the sulfate together with the arsenates. This oxide is reduced to metal by the aluminothermic reaction or reduction with carbon in a blast furnace. The coiled wire will generate a magnetic field when an electric current passes through it, however, the magnetic field disappears the moment the current stops. Transparency Market Research estimated the global lithium-ion battery market at $30 billion in 2015 and predicted an increase to over US$75 billion by 2024. Strong Samarium Cobalt disc magnets (SMCO) We offer a wide selection of samarium cobalt discs, ranging from 2 mm to 1” in circumference and height. [131][132] Bacteria in the stomachs of ruminant animals convert cobalt salts into vitamin B12, a compound which can only be produced by bacteria or archaea. The residues are further leached with sulfuric acid, yielding a solution of copper sulfate. The Curie temperature is 1,115 °C (2,039 °F) and the magnetic moment is 1.6–1.7 Bohr magnetons per atom. Cobalt is normally in its +2 oxidation state as an ion.Some chemical compounds contain cobalt ions in its +4 oxidation state. The metal is used in electroplating because of its appearance, hardness, and resistance to oxidation. Image by Ashley Nicole DeLeon © The Balance 2019. It produces gamma rays with energies of 1.17 and 1.33 MeV. Research Laboratories, Johnson Matthey & Co Limited The magnetic properties of the 50 atomic per cent cobalt-platinum alloy are quite exceptional; it is one of the most powerful permanent magnetic materials available, and it is readily fabricated. [148], This article is about the chemical element. Vacoflux 50 is a high-saturation magnetic induction strength iron-cobalt-vanadium soft magnetic alloy. Subsequent roasting converts the ores to cobalt sulfate, and the copper and the iron are oxidized to the oxide. This process helps to clean petroleum of sulfur impurities that interfere with the refining of liquid fuels.[92]. Iron is more reactive and copper is less reactive. Transformed into the cobalt oxide ( Co3O4 ) to create a leach solution that is cobalt magnetic. 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