The first settlement in New Jersey was probably about the year 1620, at Bergen, a village a few miles west of New York. Jan 1, 1774, In 1776 New Jersey declared itself an independent state and joined the colonial side in the Revolutionary War. New Jersey was originally part of what colony? New Jersey province remained a dependency of New York. In 1702, when New Jersey became a crown colony, Gov. It is reunited in 1702 when it becomes a royal colony, New Jersey was the third state to ratify the. He is the author of "The Everything American Presidents Book" and "Colonial Life: Government. He granted 400,000 acres to a group of Baptists, Quakers, and Puritans. Carteret agrees to divide the territory so that those who bought Berkeley's proprietorship were given West Jersey while his heirs were given East Jersey. Named for the island of Jersey in the English Channel, its capital city is Trenton. With the Treaty of Westminster in 1674 London formally gained control of the region; it retained that control until the American Revolution. Philip Carteret designated Bergen as the first capital of the colony. The college was named after his wife Queen Charlotte. In 1664 the entire area, surrendered to the English, gained its current name. More than just a crossroads on the map, New Jersey became the crossroads in the birth of a nation. New Jersey became one of the Thirteen Colonies which broke away from Britain in the American Revolution, adopting the Declaration of Independence in 1776. After the final transfer of power to the English, New Netherlanders and their descendants spread across East Jersey and established many of the towns and cities which exist today. [6] In 1655, the Dutch asserted control over the territory.[7]. Henry Hudson also explored this area as he searched for the northwest passage. Richard Nicolls was made the governor of the area. And this is how I know: England took control of New Netherland in 1664 and New Jersey became a Colony in 1702. [3] In 1658, the last Director-General of New Netherland, Peter Stuyvesant, "re-purchased" the entire peninsula known as Bergen Neck, and in 1661 granted a charter to the village at Bergen, establishing the oldest municipality in the state. Why was Pennsylvania founded? The name of the colony comes from the Isle of Jersey, Carteret's birthplace. However, the English seized the Dutch colony of New Netherland in 1664. A hundred twenty three years later it became a state. The area that would later be New Jersey was part of New Netherland. After the battle, Charles Lee was court-martialed for his poor command. ", ThoughtCo uses cookies to provide you with a great user experience. The English then renamed the province after the Isle of Jersey in the English … The New Jersey Colony exports agricultural products and natural resources including cattle, grain, rice, indigo (dye), wheat. Representatives from New Jersey participated in the Continental Congress before and after the Declaration of Independence. Dutch settlement in the seventeenth century concentrated along the banks of the North River and the Upper New York Bay, though they maintained factories along the Delaware River as well. New Jersey became a colony before England took control of New Netherland. It is reunited in 1702 when it becomes a royal colony New Jersey was the third state to ratify the Constitution New Jersey was the first to ratify the Bill of Rights For the British, central New Jersey offered a direct overland route connecting New York with Philadelphia and the southern colonies. [5] He helped to improve the military and commercial status of the colony by constructing Fort Nya Elfsborg, which is now near Salem, on the east side of the Delaware River. Though Hudson was British, like us, he worked for the Netherlands and claimed this land for the Dutch. The area on the eastern seaboard of America that became the English colony and then the state of New Jersey encompasses a landscape of mountain ridges, fertile valleys and fields, pine forests, salt marshes, and long white beaches stretching from the mouth of the … The colony quickly grew. Colonized by Spain, the land that is now New Mexico became U.S. territory as part oft he Gadsen Purchase in 1853, though New Mexico did not become a U.S. state until 1912. Land grants made in connection to the importation of slaves were another enticement for settlers. Among the meeting houses built in the colonial era are: In 1804, New Jersey enacted a law providing for the gradual abolition of slavery. Many flax and hemp farms are established in the Middle Colonies, furthering our textiles industry. For nearly 20 years in the 17th century, Sweden had a little-known colony that spanned parts of Delaware, Pennsylvania and New Jersey. New York. [4], New Sweden, founded in 1638, rose to its height under governor Johan Björnsson Printz (1643–1653). Dutch and Swedish colonists settled parts of the present-day state as New Netherland and New Sweden. Official name: Province of New Jersey; Date colony was established: 1664; Date it became a crown colony: 1702; Another part of New Netherland that was surrendered to the British in 1664, the Providence of New Jersey was split in two (East Jersey and West Jersey) before becoming a single royal colony … None of them trusted each other. There are numerous extant buildings from the colonial era located throughout the state. These battles included the Battle of Princeton, the Battle of Trenton, and the Battle of Monmouth. In 1664, James, the Duke of York, received control of New Netherland. The English received little resistance due to West India Company's decision not to garrison the colony. James then gave it to his friends Lord Berkeley and Sir George Carteret, who founded the colony. San Diego: Lucent Books, Inc.), Arthur Zilversmit, "Liberty and Property: New Jersey and the Abolition of Slavery,", There has been a school at the northeast corner of Bergen Square since 1664. The New Jersey Colony was originally named the Province of New Jersey, after the British island named Jersey. The colony was brought under English rule in 1664, although for the next nine years the Dutch disputed that claim. In 1660, the town of Bergen became the first established town in the New Jersey portion of New Netherland. European colonization of New Jersey started soon after the 1609 exploration of its coast and bays by Sir Henry Hudson. This new land of ours was originally claimed in 1609 by this man they call Henry Hudson. Peter Stuyvesant surrendered to the English without a fight. Nevertheless, in November 1674, the Dutch Treaty of Westminster concluded the war and ceded New Netherland to the English. He then granted land to two of his friends, Lord Berkeley and Sir George Carteret, that would become New Jersey. This resulted in the Thornton line, drawn around 1696, and the Lawrence line, drawn around 1743, which was adopted as the final line for legal purposes. New Jersey was an important state during the Revolutionary War because of its location near the center of the thirteen colonies and between New York City and Philadelphia. A number of major battles occurred within the New Jersey territory during the American Revolution. However, when Carteret sold his half of New Jersey in 1674, the colony became divded into West Jersey and Easy Jersey. In addition, a general assembly was created. The English then renamed the province after the Isle of Jersey in the English Channel. He called it New Netherlands after their homeland. (New Jersey. In 1746, The College of New Jersey (now Princeton University) was founded in Elizabethtown by a group of Great Awakening "New Lighters" that included Jonathan Dickinson, Aaron Burr, Sr. and Peter Van Brugh Livingston. King Charles II had granted the lands between the Connecticut and Delaware Rivers to the Duke. The area was first discovered by Giovanni da Verrazano in 1524, but settlement did not occur until after Henry Hudson sailed for the Dutch in 1609. See, List of Bergen, New Netherland placename etymologies, Border between West Jersey and East Jersey, border between West Jersey and East Jersey, Upper Meeting House of the Baptist Church of Middletown, List of the oldest buildings in New Jersey, List of delegates to the Continental Congress, "How Scheyichbi Really Became New Jersey", "GLOUCESTER COUNTY NJ - Swedesboro and Woolwich History", "A Brief Outline of Dutch History and the New Netherland Colony", "Behouden of opgeven ? Land grants made in connection to the importation of slaves were another enticement for settlers. … The two advertised and promised settlers many benefits for colonizing including representative government and freedom of religion. [17] The Dutch Reformed Church played an important role this expansion [18] Following the course of the Hudson River in the north to the Raritan River in the south, settlement and population grew along what George Washington called the "Dutch Belt". East Jersey, owned by Carteret, changed hands several times before uniting with the … A wave of migrants entered the region from the west sometime 13,000 years ago, and left behind advanced hunting implements such as bows and arrows and evidence of an agricultural society. The important role earned it the titles of "Crossroads of the Revolution" and the "Capital of the Revolution". The border was often disputed, so with the 1676 Quintipartite Deed more accurate surveys and maps were made to resolve property disputes. The province had originally been settled by Europeans as part of New Netherland, but came under English rule after the surrender of Fort Amsterdam in 1664, becoming a proprietary colony. The oldest continuously used school site in the state was established in 1664 at Bergen Square, in today's Jersey City.[47]. William Penn. The New Jersey Colony was founded by Sir George Carteret and Lord Berkeley in 1664. This meant that most of the land between the Maryland and New York colonies were administered by Quakers. Led by Printz, the settlement extended as far north as Fort Christina (on both sides of the Delaware River). New Jersey was a center of shipbuilding and manufacturing during World War I. In 1702, when New Jersey became a crown colony, Governor Edward Cornbury was dispatched from London with instructions to keep the settlers provided with “a constant and sufficient supply of merchantable Negroes at moderate prices.” He likewise was ordered to assist slave traders and “to take especial care that payment be duly made.” Two Colonial Colleges were founded in the Province. He sent a small English force to blockade the harbor at New Amsterdam. Sir George Carteret later sold his half of the land and colony to a group of Quakers and the colony became two distinct provinces. Rutgers Preparatory School was founded in 1766. Trenton was made the official capital of … He called his land Pavonia. When did New York become an English colony? In the days before New Jersey, when the British were still busy colonizing New England and Virginia, and the Dutch controlled New Netherland, which stretched from Toms River to the Vermont-Canada border, another group of European settlers were staking a claim to a New World Colony – the Swedes. The border between the two sides reached the Atlantic Ocean to the north of Atlantic City. In 1674, Lord Berkeley sold his proprietorship to some Quakers. Italian navigator John Cabot left England in 1496 to explore North America. As a result, on March 18, 1673 Berkeley sold his share of New Jersey to the Quakers.[13][14]. Like New York, the area was first colonized by Dutch settlers around 1613. 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